O Level English Summary Writing
Introduction
Summary writing is one of the most important and challenging components of the O Level English exam. Whether you are sitting for the Cambridge O Level (1123) or another equivalent board, the summary question always tests your ability to read carefully, understand deeply, and write clearly—all under strict time pressure. Many students struggle with this section not because the task is too difficult, but because they are unsure of what the examiner really wants. In 2025, with updated marking approaches focusing more on precision, coherence, and accurate content selection, mastering summary writing has become even more essential for scoring high marks.
A good summary is not just a shorter version of the passage—it is a focused, well-structured response that shows the examiner you can identify key ideas, avoid irrelevant details, and express information in your own words. Examiners look for specific skills: understanding the passage, selecting only the required points, rewriting them concisely, and maintaining clarity. Unfortunately, many students lose marks by including unnecessary details, copying long sentences from the passage, or writing beyond the word limit.
This guide provides the Top 5 Solved Past Paper Summary Questions with updated 2025-style answers. Each solution is designed to help you understand how to select points efficiently, paraphrase correctly, and maintain a logical flow—all while staying within the required word count. You will also learn practical tips such as reading strategies, note-making techniques, common mistakes to avoid, and how to write summaries that are both accurate and concise.
By the end of this guide, you will not only understand how to approach summary questions confidently but also develop the skill to produce high-quality responses consistently. With practice and the right techniques, you can turn summary writing from a stressful task into one of your strongest exam strengths.
1. Question: Summarize the causes of pollution mentioned in the passage.
Sample Answer (118 words):
The passage highlights several major causes of pollution. The first is vehicle emissions, which release harmful gases into the atmosphere. Secondly, factories and industries contribute heavily through the disposal of untreated chemical waste. Deforestation also plays a role, as it reduces the planet’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Poor waste management, including the burning of garbage and plastic, further worsens the problem. In addition, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture contaminates water sources and soil. Finally, unplanned urbanization, with its rapid construction and increased energy consumption, adds significantly to air and noise pollution. Collectively, these human activities damage the environment and endanger health.
2. Question: In not more than 120 words, summarize the benefits of exercise.
Sample Answer (115 words):
Exercise provides numerous physical, mental, and social benefits. Regular activity strengthens muscles, improves stamina, and enhances flexibility. It also boosts the immune system, reducing the risk of illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. Mentally, exercise lowers stress levels, sharpens concentration, and improves memory. Many studies confirm its positive impact on reducing anxiety and depression. Furthermore, exercise encourages discipline, determination, and time management. On a social level, team sports build cooperation, leadership, and communication skills. Even simple routines like jogging or cycling promote a healthier lifestyle. Overall, exercise is essential not only for maintaining physical fitness but also for developing emotional well-being and social harmony.
3. Question: Summarize the reasons why people migrate to cities.
Sample Answer (108 words):
People migrate to cities for a variety of reasons, mostly linked to better opportunities. The foremost attraction is employment, as urban areas offer a wider range of jobs with higher wages. Secondly, cities provide access to quality education, from schools to universities, which rural areas often lack. Advanced healthcare facilities also draw families seeking better medical treatment. Additionally, cities promise modern infrastructure such as electricity, internet, and transportation. The allure of an improved lifestyle, including entertainment, shopping, and cultural experiences, further motivates migration. In short, cities attract individuals seeking economic growth, quality services, and modern comforts that are unavailable in rural communities.
4. Question: Summarize the problems faced by teenagers today.
Sample Answer (117 words):
Teenagers today face numerous challenges that affect both their mental and physical health. Academic pressure is one of the biggest issues, with students competing for high grades and limited opportunities. Peer pressure often leads to unhealthy habits such as smoking, drinking, or overspending. Social media adds to their problems, causing distraction, addiction, and insecurity due to unrealistic comparisons. Many teenagers also struggle with family expectations, feeling burdened by demands for success. In addition, the lack of proper guidance leaves some vulnerable to depression and poor decision-making. Together, these problems create stress and confusion, making it difficult for teenagers to balance studies, relationships, and personal growth.
5. Question: Summarize the writer’s views on friendship.
Sample Answer (111 words):
The writer emphasizes that true friendship is based on honesty, loyalty, and mutual support. A real friend stands by you in times of hardship, offering comfort and encouragement when others abandon you. Friendship, according to the writer, is not about wealth or appearance but about sincerity and understanding. Unlike fake friends who disappear when difficulties arise, genuine friends share both joys and sorrows. The writer also highlights the importance of trust, stating that a friendship without it cannot survive. Ultimately, the passage portrays friendship as one of life’s most valuable treasures, a bond that requires care, respect, and devotion to remain strong.
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